Vector.hpp

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/* 
 * Vector.hpp 
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2003 Thomas Seidel <thomas.seidel@univie.ac.at>
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 * along with this library; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
 * the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
 * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
 */
 
#ifndef CDPL_MATH_VECTOR_HPP
#define CDPL_MATH_VECTOR_HPP
 
#include <cstddef>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <limits>
#include <utility>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <type_traits>
#include <initializer_list>
#include <memory>
 
#include "CDPL/Math/Check.hpp"
#include "CDPL/Math/VectorExpression.hpp"
#include "CDPL/Math/VectorAssignment.hpp"
#include "CDPL/Math/DirectAssignmentProxy.hpp"
#include "CDPL/Math/Functional.hpp"
#include "CDPL/Math/TypeTraits.hpp"
#include "CDPL/Math/SparseContainerElement.hpp"
#include "CDPL/Base/Exceptions.hpp"
 
 
namespace CDPL
{
 
    namespace Math
    {
 
        template <typename V>
        class VectorReference : public VectorExpression<VectorReference<V> >
        {
 
            typedef VectorReference<V> SelfType;
 
          public:
            typedef V                                                      VectorType;
 
            typedef typename V::ValueType                                  ValueType;
 
            typedef typename std::conditional<std::is_const<V>::value,
                                              typename V::ConstReference,
                                              typename V::Reference>::type Reference;
 
            typedef typename V::ConstReference                             ConstReference;
 
            typedef typename V::SizeType                                   SizeType;
 
            typedef typename V::DifferenceType                             DifferenceType;
 
            typedef SelfType                                               ClosureType;
 
            typedef const SelfType                                         ConstClosureType;
 
            explicit VectorReference(VectorType& v):
                data(v) {}
 
            Reference operator[](SizeType i)
            {
                return data[i];
            }
 
            ConstReference operator[](SizeType i) const
            {
                return data[i];
            }
 
            Reference operator()(SizeType i)
            {
                return data(i);
            }
 
            ConstReference operator()(SizeType i) const
            {
                return data(i);
            }
 
            SizeType getSize() const
            {
                return data.getSize();
            }
 
            SizeType getMaxSize() const
            {
                return data.getMaxSize();
            }
 
            bool isEmpty() const
            {
                return data.isEmpty();
            }
 
            const VectorType& getData() const
            {
                return data;
            }
 
            VectorType& getData()
            {
                return data;
            }
 
            VectorReference& operator=(const VectorReference& r)
            {
                data.operator=(r.data);
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            VectorReference& operator=(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                data.operator=(e);
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            VectorReference& operator+=(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                data.operator+=(e);
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            VectorReference& operator-=(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                data.operator-=(e);
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename T>
            typename std::enable_if<IsScalar<T>::value, VectorReference>::type& operator*=(const T& t)
            {
                data.operator*=(t);
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename T>
            typename std::enable_if<IsScalar<T>::value, VectorReference>::type& operator/=(const T& t)
            {
                data.operator/=(t);
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            VectorReference& assign(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                data.assign(e);
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            VectorReference& plusAssign(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                data.plusAssign(e);
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            VectorReference& minusAssign(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                data.minusAssign(e);
                return *this;
            }
 
            void swap(VectorReference& r)
            {
                data.swap(r.data);
            }
 
            friend void swap(VectorReference& r1, VectorReference& r2)
            {
                r1.swap(r2);
            }
 
          private:
            VectorType& data;
        };
 
        template <typename T, typename A>
        class Vector;
 
        template <typename T>
        class InitListVector : public VectorContainer<InitListVector<T> >
        {
 
          public:
            typedef InitListVector                                SelfType;
 
            typedef std::initializer_list<T>                      InitializerListType;
 
            typedef typename InitializerListType::value_type      ValueType;
 
            typedef typename InitializerListType::const_reference ConstReference;
 
            typedef typename InitializerListType::reference       Reference;
 
            typedef typename InitializerListType::size_type       SizeType;
 
            typedef typename std::ptrdiff_t                       DifferenceType;
 
            typedef SelfType                                      ClosureType;
 
            typedef const SelfType                                ConstClosureType;
 
            typedef Vector<T, std::vector<T> >                    VectorTemporaryType;
 
            InitListVector(InitializerListType l):
                list(l) {}
 
            Reference operator[](SizeType i)
            {
                return this->operator()(i);
            }
 
            ConstReference operator[](SizeType i) const
            {
                return this->operator()(i);
            }
 
            Reference operator()(SizeType i)
            {
                CDPL_MATH_CHECK(i < getSize(), "Index out of range", Base::IndexError);
                return *(list.begin() + i);
            }
 
            ConstReference operator()(SizeType i) const
            {
                CDPL_MATH_CHECK(i < getSize(), "Index out of range", Base::IndexError);
                return *(list.begin() + i);
            }
 
            SizeType getSize() const
            {
                return list.size();
            }
 
            bool isEmpty() const
            {
                return (list.size() == 0);
            }
 
          private:
            InitializerListType list;
        };
 
        template <typename T, typename A = std::vector<T> >
        class Vector : public VectorContainer<Vector<T, A> >
        {
 
            typedef Vector<T, A> SelfType;
 
          public:
            typedef T                                     ValueType;
 
            typedef T&                                    Reference;
 
            typedef const T&                              ConstReference;
 
            typedef typename A::size_type                 SizeType;
 
            typedef typename A::difference_type           DifferenceType;
 
            typedef A                                     ArrayType;
 
            typedef T*                                    Pointer;
 
            typedef const T*                              ConstPointer;
 
            typedef VectorReference<SelfType>             ClosureType;
 
            typedef const VectorReference<const SelfType> ConstClosureType;
 
            typedef SelfType                              VectorTemporaryType;
 
            typedef std::shared_ptr<SelfType>             SharedPointer;
 
            typedef std::initializer_list<T>              InitializerListType;
 
            Vector():
                data() {}
 
            explicit Vector(SizeType n):
                data(storageSize(n)) {}
 
            Vector(SizeType n, const ValueType& v):
                data(storageSize(n), v) {}
 
            Vector(const ArrayType& data):
                data(data) {}
 
            Vector(const Vector& v):
                data(v.data) {}
 
            Vector(Vector&& v):
                data(std::move(v.data)) {}
 
            Vector(InitializerListType l):
                data(l) {}
 
            template <typename E>
            Vector(const VectorExpression<E>& e):
                data(storageSize(e().getSize()))
            {
                vectorAssignVector<ScalarAssignment>(*this, e);
            }
 
            Reference operator[](SizeType i)
            {
                return this->operator()(i);
            }
 
            ConstReference operator[](SizeType i) const
            {
                return this->operator()(i);
            }
 
            Reference operator()(SizeType i)
            {
                CDPL_MATH_CHECK(i < getSize(), "Index out of range", Base::IndexError);
                return data[i];
            }
 
            ConstReference operator()(SizeType i) const
            {
                CDPL_MATH_CHECK(i < getSize(), "Index out of range", Base::IndexError);
                return data[i];
            }
 
            bool isEmpty() const
            {
                return data.empty();
            }
 
            SizeType getSize() const
            {
                return data.size();
            }
 
            SizeType getMaxSize() const
            {
                return data.max_size();
            }
 
            ArrayType& getData()
            {
                return data;
            }
 
            const ArrayType& getData() const
            {
                return data;
            }
 
            Vector& operator=(const Vector& v)
            {
                data = v.data;
                return *this;
            }
 
            Vector& operator=(Vector&& v)
            {
                data = std::move(v.data);
                return *this;
            }
 
            Vector& operator=(InitializerListType l)
            {
                return assign(l);
            }
 
            template <typename C>
            Vector& operator=(const VectorContainer<C>& c)
            {
                return assign(c);
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            Vector& operator=(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                Vector tmp(e);
                swap(tmp);
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename C>
            Vector& operator+=(const VectorContainer<C>& c)
            {
                return plusAssign(c);
            }
 
            Vector& operator+=(InitializerListType l)
            {
                return plusAssign(l);
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            Vector& operator+=(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                Vector tmp(*this + e);
                swap(tmp);
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename C>
            Vector& operator-=(const VectorContainer<C>& c)
            {
                return minusAssign(c);
            }
 
            Vector& operator-=(InitializerListType l)
            {
                return minusAssign(l);
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            Vector& operator-=(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                Vector tmp(*this - e);
                swap(tmp);
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename T1>
            typename std::enable_if<IsScalar<T1>::value, Vector>::type& operator*=(const T1& t)
            {
                vectorAssignScalar<ScalarMultiplicationAssignment>(*this, t);
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename T1>
            typename std::enable_if<IsScalar<T1>::value, Vector>::type& operator/=(const T1& t)
            {
                vectorAssignScalar<ScalarDivisionAssignment>(*this, t);
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            Vector& assign(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                resize(e().getSize());
                vectorAssignVector<ScalarAssignment>(*this, e);
                return *this;
            }
 
            Vector& assign(InitializerListType l)
            {
                data = l;
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            Vector& plusAssign(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                vectorAssignVector<ScalarAdditionAssignment>(*this, e);
                return *this;
            }
 
            Vector& plusAssign(InitializerListType l)
            {
                vectorAssignVector<ScalarAdditionAssignment>(*this, InitListVector<ValueType>(l));
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            Vector& minusAssign(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                vectorAssignVector<ScalarSubtractionAssignment>(*this, e);
                return *this;
            }
 
            Vector& minusAssign(InitializerListType l)
            {
                vectorAssignVector<ScalarSubtractionAssignment>(*this, InitListVector<ValueType>(l));
                return *this;
            }
 
            void swap(Vector& v)
            {
                if (this != &v)
                    std::swap(data, v.data);
            }
 
            friend void swap(Vector& v1, Vector& v2)
            {
                v1.swap(v2);
            }
 
            void clear(const ValueType& v = ValueType())
            {
                std::fill(data.begin(), data.end(), v);
            }
 
            void resize(SizeType n, const ValueType& v = ValueType())
            {
                data.resize(storageSize(n), v);
            }
 
          private:
            SizeType storageSize(SizeType n)
            {
                return CDPL_MATH_CHECK_MAX_SIZE(n, data.max_size(), Base::SizeError);
            }
 
            ArrayType data;
        };
 
        template <typename T, typename A = std::unordered_map<std::size_t, T> >
        class SparseVector : public VectorContainer<SparseVector<T, A> >
        {
 
            typedef SparseVector<T> SelfType;
 
          public:
            typedef T                                         ValueType;
 
            typedef std::size_t                               SizeType;
 
            typedef std::ptrdiff_t                            DifferenceType;
 
            typedef typename A::key_type                      KeyType;
 
            typedef const T&                                  ConstReference;
 
            typedef SparseContainerElement<SelfType, KeyType> Reference;
 
            typedef A                                         ArrayType;
 
            typedef T*                                        Pointer;
 
            typedef const T*                                  ConstPointer;
 
            typedef VectorReference<SelfType>                 ClosureType;
 
            typedef const VectorReference<const SelfType>     ConstClosureType;
 
            typedef SelfType                                  VectorTemporaryType;
 
            typedef std::shared_ptr<SelfType>                 SharedPointer;
 
            typedef std::initializer_list<T>                  InitializerListType;
 
            SparseVector():
                data(), size(0) {}
 
            explicit SparseVector(SizeType n):
                data(), size(storageSize(n)) {}
 
            SparseVector(const SparseVector& v):
                data(v.data), size(v.size) {}
 
            SparseVector(SparseVector&& v):
                data(), size(0)
            {
                swap(v);
            }
 
            SparseVector(InitializerListType l)
            {
                assign(l);
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            SparseVector(const VectorExpression<E>& e):
                data(), size(0)
            {
                assign(e);
            }
 
            Reference operator[](SizeType i)
            {
                return this->operator()(i);
            }
 
            ConstReference operator[](SizeType i) const
            {
                return this->operator()(i);
            }
 
            Reference operator()(SizeType i)
            {
                CDPL_MATH_CHECK(i < getSize(), "Index out of range", Base::IndexError);
                return Reference(*this, i);
            }
 
            ConstReference operator()(SizeType i) const
            {
                CDPL_MATH_CHECK(i < getSize(), "Index out of range", Base::IndexError);
 
                typename ArrayType::const_iterator it = data.find(i);
 
                if (it == data.end())
                    return zero;
 
                return it->second;
            }
 
            SizeType getNumElements() const
            {
                return data.size();
            }
 
            bool isEmpty() const
            {
                return (size == 0);
            }
 
            SizeType getSize() const
            {
                return size;
            }
 
            SizeType getMaxSize() const
            {
                return std::min(SizeType(data.max_size()), std::numeric_limits<SizeType>::max());
            }
 
            ArrayType& getData()
            {
                return data;
            }
 
            const ArrayType& getData() const
            {
                return data;
            }
 
            SparseVector& operator=(const SparseVector& v)
            {
                data = v.data;
                size = v.size;
                return *this;
            }
 
            SparseVector& operator=(SparseVector&& v)
            {
                swap(v);
                return *this;
            }
 
            SparseVector& operator=(InitializerListType l)
            {
                return assign(l);
            }
 
            template <typename C>
            SparseVector& operator=(const VectorContainer<C>& c)
            {
                return assign(c);
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            SparseVector& operator=(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                SparseVector tmp(e);
                swap(tmp);
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename C>
            SparseVector& operator+=(const VectorContainer<C>& c)
            {
                return plusAssign(c);
            }
 
            SparseVector& operator+=(InitializerListType l)
            {
                return plusAssign(l);
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            SparseVector& operator+=(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                SparseVector tmp(*this + e);
                swap(tmp);
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename C>
            SparseVector& operator-=(const VectorContainer<C>& c)
            {
                return minusAssign(c);
            }
 
            SparseVector& operator-=(InitializerListType l)
            {
                return minusAssign(l);
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            SparseVector& operator-=(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                SparseVector tmp(*this - e);
                swap(tmp);
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename T1>
            typename std::enable_if<IsScalar<T1>::value, SparseVector>::type& operator*=(const T1& t)
            {
                vectorAssignScalar<ScalarMultiplicationAssignment>(*this, t);
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename T1>
            typename std::enable_if<IsScalar<T1>::value, SparseVector>::type& operator/=(const T1& t)
            {
                vectorAssignScalar<ScalarDivisionAssignment>(*this, t);
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            SparseVector& assign(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                resize(e().getSize());
                vectorAssignVector<ScalarAssignment>(*this, e);
                return *this;
            }
 
            SparseVector& assign(InitializerListType l)
            {
                resize(l.size());
                vectorAssignVector<ScalarAssignment>(*this, InitListVector<ValueType>(l));
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            SparseVector& plusAssign(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                vectorAssignVector<ScalarAdditionAssignment>(*this, e);
                return *this;
            }
 
            SparseVector& plusAssign(InitializerListType l)
            {
                vectorAssignVector<ScalarAdditionAssignment>(*this, InitListVector<ValueType>(l));
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            SparseVector& minusAssign(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                vectorAssignVector<ScalarSubtractionAssignment>(*this, e);
                return *this;
            }
 
            SparseVector& minusAssign(InitializerListType l)
            {
                vectorAssignVector<ScalarSubtractionAssignment>(*this, InitListVector<ValueType>(l));
                return *this;
            }
 
            void swap(SparseVector& v)
            {
                if (this != &v) {
                    std::swap(data, v.data);
                    std::swap(size, v.size);
                }
            }
 
            friend void swap(SparseVector& v1, SparseVector& v2)
            {
                v1.swap(v2);
            }
 
            void clear()
            {
                data.clear();
            }
 
            void resize(SizeType n)
            {
                n = storageSize(n);
 
                for (typename ArrayType::iterator it = data.begin(); it != data.end();) {
                    if (it->first >= n)
                        it = data.erase(it);
                    else
                        ++it;
                }
 
                size = n;
            }
 
          private:
            SizeType storageSize(SizeType n)
            {
                return CDPL_MATH_CHECK_MAX_SIZE(n, getMaxSize(), Base::SizeError);
            }
 
            ArrayType              data;
            SizeType               size;
            static const ValueType zero;
        };
 
        template <typename T, typename A>
        const typename SparseVector<T, A>::ValueType SparseVector<T, A>::zero = SparseVector<T, A>::ValueType();
 
        template <typename T, std::size_t N>
        class BoundedVector : public VectorContainer<BoundedVector<T, N> >
        {
 
            typedef BoundedVector<T, N> SelfType;
 
          public:
            typedef T                                     ValueType;
 
            typedef T&                                    Reference;
 
            typedef const T&                              ConstReference;
 
            typedef std::size_t                           SizeType;
 
            typedef std::ptrdiff_t                        DifferenceType;
 
            typedef ValueType                             ArrayType[N];
 
            typedef T*                                    Pointer;
 
            typedef const T*                              ConstPointer;
 
            typedef VectorReference<SelfType>             ClosureType;
 
            typedef const VectorReference<const SelfType> ConstClosureType;
 
            typedef BoundedVector<T, N + 1>               VectorTemporaryType;
 
            typedef std::shared_ptr<SelfType>             SharedPointer;
 
            typedef std::initializer_list<T>              InitializerListType;
 
 
            static const SizeType MaxSize = N;
 
            BoundedVector():
                size(0) {}
 
            explicit BoundedVector(SizeType n):
                size(0)
            {
                resize(n);
            }
 
            BoundedVector(SizeType n, const ValueType& v):
                size(0)
            {
                resize(n, v);
            }
 
            BoundedVector(const BoundedVector& v):
                size(v.size)
            {
                std::copy(v.data, v.data + v.size, data);
            }
 
            BoundedVector(InitializerListType l)
            {
                assign(l);
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            BoundedVector(const VectorExpression<E>& e):
                size(0)
            {
                assign(e);
            }
 
            Reference operator[](SizeType i)
            {
                return this->operator()(i);
            }
 
            ConstReference operator[](SizeType i) const
            {
                return this->operator()(i);
            }
 
            Reference operator()(SizeType i)
            {
                CDPL_MATH_CHECK(i < getSize(), "Index out of range", Base::IndexError);
                return data[i];
            }
 
            ConstReference operator()(SizeType i) const
            {
                CDPL_MATH_CHECK(i < getSize(), "Index out of range", Base::IndexError);
                return data[i];
            }
 
            bool isEmpty() const
            {
                return (size == 0);
            }
 
            SizeType getSize() const
            {
                return size;
            }
 
            SizeType getMaxSize() const
            {
                return N;
            }
 
            Pointer getData()
            {
                return data;
            }
 
            ConstPointer getData() const
            {
                return data;
            }
 
            BoundedVector& operator=(const BoundedVector& v)
            {
                if (this != &v) {
                    std::copy(v.data, v.data + v.size, data);
                    size = v.size;
                }
 
                return *this;
            }
 
            BoundedVector& operator=(InitializerListType l)
            {
                return assign(l);
            }
 
            template <typename C>
            BoundedVector& operator=(const VectorContainer<C>& c)
            {
                return assign(c);
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            BoundedVector& operator=(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                BoundedVector tmp(e);
                return this-> operator=(tmp);
            }
 
            template <typename C>
            BoundedVector& operator+=(const VectorContainer<C>& c)
            {
                return plusAssign(c);
            }
 
            BoundedVector& operator+=(InitializerListType l)
            {
                return plusAssign(l);
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            BoundedVector& operator+=(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                BoundedVector tmp(*this + e);
                return this-> operator=(tmp);
            }
 
            template <typename C>
            BoundedVector& operator-=(const VectorContainer<C>& c)
            {
                return minusAssign(c);
            }
 
            BoundedVector& operator-=(InitializerListType l)
            {
                return minusAssign(l);
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            BoundedVector& operator-=(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                BoundedVector tmp(*this - e);
                return this-> operator=(tmp);
            }
 
            template <typename T1>
            typename std::enable_if<IsScalar<T1>::value, BoundedVector>::type& operator*=(const T1& t)
            {
                vectorAssignScalar<ScalarMultiplicationAssignment>(*this, t);
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename T1>
            typename std::enable_if<IsScalar<T1>::value, BoundedVector>::type& operator/=(const T1& t)
            {
                vectorAssignScalar<ScalarDivisionAssignment>(*this, t);
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            BoundedVector& assign(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                resize(e().getSize());
                vectorAssignVector<ScalarAssignment>(*this, e);
                return *this;
            }
 
            BoundedVector& assign(InitializerListType l)
            {
                resize(l.size());
                std::copy(l.begin(), l.begin() + size, data);
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            BoundedVector& plusAssign(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                vectorAssignVector<ScalarAdditionAssignment>(*this, e);
                return *this;
            }
 
            BoundedVector& plusAssign(InitializerListType l)
            {
                vectorAssignVector<ScalarAdditionAssignment>(*this, InitListVector<ValueType>(l));
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            BoundedVector& minusAssign(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                vectorAssignVector<ScalarSubtractionAssignment>(*this, e);
                return *this;
            }
 
            BoundedVector& minusAssign(InitializerListType l)
            {
                vectorAssignVector<ScalarSubtractionAssignment>(*this, InitListVector<ValueType>(l));
                return *this;
            }
 
            void swap(BoundedVector& v)
            {
                if (this != &v) {
                    std::swap_ranges(data, data + std::max(size, v.size), v.data);
                    std::swap(size, v.size);
                }
            }
 
            friend void swap(BoundedVector& v1, BoundedVector& v2)
            {
                v1.swap(v2);
            }
 
            void clear(const ValueType& v = ValueType())
            {
                std::fill(data, data + size, v);
            }
 
            void resize(SizeType n)
            {
                size = storageSize(n);
            }
 
            void resize(SizeType n, const ValueType& v)
            {
                n = storageSize(n);
 
                if (n > size)
                    std::fill(data + size, data + n, v);
 
                size = n;
            }
 
          private:
            SizeType storageSize(SizeType n)
            {
                return CDPL_MATH_CHECK_MAX_SIZE(n, N, Base::SizeError);
            }
 
            ArrayType data;
            SizeType  size;
        };
 
        template <typename T, std::size_t N>
        const typename BoundedVector<T, N>::SizeType BoundedVector<T, N>::MaxSize;
 
        template <typename T, std::size_t N>
        class CVector : public VectorContainer<CVector<T, N> >
        {
 
            typedef CVector<T, N> SelfType;
 
          public:
            typedef T                                     ValueType;
 
            typedef T&                                    Reference;
 
            typedef const T&                              ConstReference;
 
            typedef std::size_t                           SizeType;
 
            typedef std::ptrdiff_t                        DifferenceType;
 
            typedef ValueType                             ArrayType[N];
 
            typedef T*                                    Pointer;
 
            typedef const T*                              ConstPointer;
 
            typedef VectorReference<SelfType>             ClosureType;
 
            typedef const VectorReference<const SelfType> ConstClosureType;
 
            typedef BoundedVector<T, N + 1>               VectorTemporaryType;
 
            typedef std::shared_ptr<SelfType>             SharedPointer;
 
            typedef std::initializer_list<T>              InitializerListType;
 
 
            static const SizeType Size = N;
 
            CVector()
            {
                clear();
            }
 
            explicit CVector(const ValueType& v)
            {
                clear(v);
            }
 
            CVector(const CVector& v)
            {
                std::copy(v.data, v.data + N, data);
            }
 
            CVector(InitializerListType l)
            {
                assign(l);
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            CVector(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                vectorAssignVector<ScalarAssignment>(*this, e);
            }
 
            Reference operator[](SizeType i)
            {
                return this->operator()(i);
            }
 
            ConstReference operator[](SizeType i) const
            {
                return this->operator()(i);
            }
 
            Reference operator()(SizeType i)
            {
                CDPL_MATH_CHECK(i < getSize(), "Index out of range", Base::IndexError);
                return data[i];
            }
 
            ConstReference operator()(SizeType i) const
            {
                CDPL_MATH_CHECK(i < getSize(), "Index out of range", Base::IndexError);
                return data[i];
            }
 
            bool isEmpty() const
            {
                return (N == 0);
            }
 
            SizeType getSize() const
            {
                return N;
            }
 
            SizeType getMaxSize() const
            {
                return N;
            }
 
            Pointer getData()
            {
                return data;
            }
 
            ConstPointer getData() const
            {
                return data;
            }
 
            CVector& operator=(const CVector& v)
            {
                if (this != &v)
                    std::copy(v.data, v.data + N, data);
 
                return *this;
            }
 
            CVector& operator=(InitializerListType l)
            {
                return assign(l);
            }
 
            template <typename C>
            CVector& operator=(const VectorContainer<C>& c)
            {
                return assign(c);
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            CVector& operator=(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                CVector      tmp(e);
                return this->operator=(tmp);
            }
 
            template <typename C>
            CVector& operator+=(const VectorContainer<C>& c)
            {
                return plusAssign(c);
            }
 
            CVector& operator+=(InitializerListType l)
            {
                return plusAssign(l);
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            CVector& operator+=(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                CVector      tmp(*this + e);
                return this->operator=(tmp);
            }
 
            template <typename C>
            CVector& operator-=(const VectorContainer<C>& c)
            {
                return minusAssign(c);
            }
 
            CVector& operator-=(InitializerListType l)
            {
                return minusAssign(l);
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            CVector& operator-=(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                CVector      tmp(*this - e);
                return this->operator=(tmp);
            }
 
            template <typename T1>
            typename std::enable_if<IsScalar<T1>::value, CVector>::type& operator*=(const T1& t)
            {
                vectorAssignScalar<ScalarMultiplicationAssignment>(*this, t);
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename T1>
            typename std::enable_if<IsScalar<T1>::value, CVector>::type& operator/=(const T1& t)
            {
                vectorAssignScalar<ScalarDivisionAssignment>(*this, t);
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            CVector& assign(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                vectorAssignVector<ScalarAssignment>(*this, e);
                return *this;
            }
 
            CVector& assign(InitializerListType l)
            {
                SizeType n = CDPL_MATH_CHECK_MAX_SIZE(l.size(), N, Base::SizeError);
                std::copy(l.begin(), l.begin() + n, data);
 
                if (n < N)
                    std::fill(data + n, data + N, ValueType());
 
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            CVector& plusAssign(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                vectorAssignVector<ScalarAdditionAssignment>(*this, e);
                return *this;
            }
 
            CVector& plusAssign(InitializerListType l)
            {
                vectorAssignVector<ScalarAdditionAssignment>(*this, InitListVector<ValueType>(l));
                return *this;
            }
 
            template <typename E>
            CVector& minusAssign(const VectorExpression<E>& e)
            {
                vectorAssignVector<ScalarSubtractionAssignment>(*this, e);
                return *this;
            }
 
            CVector& minusAssign(InitializerListType l)
            {
                vectorAssignVector<ScalarSubtractionAssignment>(*this, InitListVector<ValueType>(l));
                return *this;
            }
 
            void swap(CVector& v)
            {
                if (this != &v)
                    std::swap_ranges(data, data + N, v.data);
            }
 
            friend void swap(CVector& v1, CVector& v2)
            {
                v1.swap(v2);
            }
 
            void clear(const ValueType& v = ValueType())
            {
                std::fill(data, data + N, v);
            }
 
          private:
            ArrayType data;
        };
 
        template <typename T, std::size_t N>
        const typename CVector<T, N>::SizeType CVector<T, N>::Size;
 
        template <typename T>
        class ZeroVector : public VectorContainer<ZeroVector<T> >
        {
 
            typedef ZeroVector<T> SelfType;
 
          public:
            typedef T                                     ValueType;
 
            typedef const T&                              Reference;
 
            typedef const T&                              ConstReference;
 
            typedef std::size_t                           SizeType;
 
            typedef std::ptrdiff_t                        DifferenceType;
 
            typedef VectorReference<SelfType>             ClosureType;
 
            typedef const VectorReference<const SelfType> ConstClosureType;
 
            typedef Vector<T>                             VectorTemporaryType;
 
            ZeroVector():
                size(0) {}
 
            explicit ZeroVector(SizeType n):
                size(n) {}
 
            ZeroVector(const ZeroVector& v):
                size(v.size) {}
 
            ConstReference operator[](SizeType i) const
            {
                return this->operator()(i);
            }
 
            ConstReference operator()(SizeType i) const
            {
                CDPL_MATH_CHECK(i < getSize(), "Index out of range", Base::IndexError);
                return zero;
            }
 
            bool isEmpty() const
            {
                return (size == 0);
            }
 
            SizeType getSize() const
            {
                return size;
            }
 
            SizeType getMaxSize() const
            {
                return std::numeric_limits<SizeType>::max();
            }
 
            ZeroVector& operator=(const ZeroVector& v)
            {
                size = v.size;
                return *this;
            }
 
            void resize(SizeType n)
            {
                size = n;
            }
 
            void swap(ZeroVector& v)
            {
                if (this != &v)
                    std::swap(size, v.size);
            }
 
            friend void swap(ZeroVector& v1, ZeroVector& v2)
            {
                v1.swap(v2);
            }
 
          private:
            SizeType               size;
            static const ValueType zero;
        };
 
        template <typename T>
        const typename ZeroVector<T>::ValueType ZeroVector<T>::zero = ZeroVector<T>::ValueType();
 
        template <typename T>
        class UnitVector : public VectorContainer<UnitVector<T> >
        {
 
            typedef UnitVector<T> SelfType;
 
          public:
            typedef T                                     ValueType;
 
            typedef const T&                              Reference;
 
            typedef const T&                              ConstReference;
 
            typedef std::size_t                           SizeType;
 
            typedef std::ptrdiff_t                        DifferenceType;
 
            typedef VectorReference<SelfType>             ClosureType;
 
            typedef const VectorReference<const SelfType> ConstClosureType;
 
            typedef Vector<T>                             VectorTemporaryType;
 
            UnitVector():
                size(0), index(0) {}
 
            UnitVector(SizeType n, SizeType i):
                size(n), index(i) {}
 
            UnitVector(const UnitVector& v):
                size(v.size), index(v.index) {}
 
            ConstReference operator[](SizeType i) const
            {
                return this->operator()(i);
            }
 
            ConstReference operator()(SizeType i) const
            {
                CDPL_MATH_CHECK(i < getSize(), "Index out of range", Base::IndexError);
 
                return (i == index ? one : zero);
            }
 
            bool isEmpty() const
            {
                return (size == 0);
            }
 
            SizeType getSize() const
            {
                return size;
            }
 
            SizeType getIndex() const
            {
                return index;
            }
 
            SizeType getMaxSize() const
            {
                return std::numeric_limits<SizeType>::max();
            }
 
            UnitVector& operator=(const UnitVector& v)
            {
                if (this != &v) {
                    size  = v.size;
                    index = v.index;
                }
 
                return *this;
            }
 
            void resize(SizeType n)
            {
                size = n;
            }
 
            void swap(UnitVector& v)
            {
                if (this != &v) {
                    std::swap(size, v.size);
                    std::swap(index, v.index);
                }
            }
 
            friend void swap(UnitVector& v1, UnitVector& v2)
            {
                v1.swap(v2);
            }
 
          private:
            SizeType               size;
            SizeType               index;
            static const ValueType zero;
            static const ValueType one;
        };
 
        template <typename T>
        const typename UnitVector<T>::ValueType UnitVector<T>::zero = UnitVector<T>::ValueType();
        template <typename T>
        const typename UnitVector<T>::ValueType UnitVector<T>::one = UnitVector<T>::ValueType(1);
 
        template <typename T>
        class ScalarVector : public VectorContainer<ScalarVector<T> >
        {
 
            typedef ScalarVector<T> SelfType;
 
          public:
            typedef T                                     ValueType;
 
            typedef const T&                              Reference;
 
            typedef const T&                              ConstReference;
 
            typedef std::size_t                           SizeType;
 
            typedef std::ptrdiff_t                        DifferenceType;
 
            typedef VectorReference<SelfType>             ClosureType;
 
            typedef const VectorReference<const SelfType> ConstClosureType;
 
            typedef Vector<T>                             VectorTemporaryType;
 
            ScalarVector():
                size(0) {}
 
            ScalarVector(SizeType n, const ValueType& v = ValueType()):
                size(n), value(v) {}
 
            ScalarVector(const ScalarVector& v):
                size(v.size), value(v.value) {}
 
            ConstReference operator[](SizeType i) const
            {
                return this->operator()(i);
            }
 
            ConstReference operator()(SizeType i) const
            {
                CDPL_MATH_CHECK(i < getSize(), "Index out of range", Base::IndexError);
                return value;
            }
 
            bool isEmpty() const
            {
                return (size == 0);
            }
 
            SizeType getSize() const
            {
                return size;
            }
 
            SizeType getMaxSize() const
            {
                return std::numeric_limits<SizeType>::max();
            }
 
            ScalarVector& operator=(const ScalarVector& v)
            {
                if (this != &v) {
                    size  = v.size;
                    value = v.value;
                }
 
                return *this;
            }
 
            void resize(SizeType n)
            {
                size = n;
            }
 
            void swap(ScalarVector& v)
            {
                if (this != &v) {
                    std::swap(size, v.size);
                    std::swap(value, v.value);
                }
            }
 
            friend void swap(ScalarVector& v1, ScalarVector& v2)
            {
                v1.swap(v2);
            }
 
          private:
            SizeType  size;
            ValueType value;
        };
 
        template <typename V>
        struct VectorTemporaryTraits<const VectorReference<V> > : public VectorTemporaryTraits<V>
        {};
 
        template <typename V>
        struct VectorTemporaryTraits<VectorReference<V> > : public VectorTemporaryTraits<V>
        {};
 
        template <typename T1, typename T2>
        CVector<typename CommonType<T1, T2>::Type, 2>
        vec(const T1& t1, const T2& t2)
        {
            CVector<typename CommonType<T1, T2>::Type, 2> v;
 
            v(0) = t1;
            v(1) = t2;
 
            return v;
        }
 
        template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
        CVector<typename CommonType<typename CommonType<T1, T2>::Type, T3>::Type, 3>
        vec(const T1& t1, const T2& t2, const T3& t3)
        {
            CVector<typename CommonType<typename CommonType<T1, T2>::Type, T3>::Type, 3> v;
 
            v(0) = t1;
            v(1) = t2;
            v(2) = t3;
 
            return v;
        }
 
        template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
        CVector<typename CommonType<typename CommonType<typename CommonType<T1, T2>::Type, T3>::Type, T4>::Type, 4>
        vec(const T1& t1, const T2& t2, const T3& t3, const T4& t4)
        {
            CVector<typename CommonType<typename CommonType<typename CommonType<T1, T2>::Type, T3>::Type, T4>::Type, 4> v;
 
            v(0) = t1;
            v(1) = t2;
            v(2) = t3;
            v(3) = t4;
 
            return v;
        }
 
        typedef ScalarVector<float> FScalarVector;
 
        typedef ScalarVector<double> DScalarVector;
 
        typedef ScalarVector<long> LScalarVector;
 
        typedef ScalarVector<unsigned long> ULScalarVector;
 
        typedef ZeroVector<float> FZeroVector;
 
        typedef ZeroVector<double> DZeroVector;
 
        typedef ZeroVector<long> LZeroVector;
 
        typedef ZeroVector<unsigned long> ULZeroVector;
 
        typedef UnitVector<float> FUnitVector;
 
        typedef UnitVector<double> DUnitVector;
 
        typedef UnitVector<long> LUnitVector;
 
        typedef UnitVector<unsigned long> ULUnitVector;
 
        typedef CVector<float, 2> Vector2F;
 
        typedef CVector<float, 3> Vector3F;
 
        typedef CVector<float, 4> Vector4F;
 
        typedef CVector<double, 2> Vector2D;
 
        typedef CVector<double, 3> Vector3D;
 
        typedef CVector<double, 4> Vector4D;
 
        typedef CVector<double, 7> Vector7D;
 
        typedef CVector<long, 2> Vector2L;
 
        typedef CVector<long, 3> Vector3L;
 
        typedef CVector<long, 4> Vector4L;
 
        typedef CVector<unsigned long, 2> Vector2UL;
 
        typedef CVector<unsigned long, 3> Vector3UL;
 
        typedef CVector<unsigned long, 4> Vector4UL;
 
        typedef Vector<float> FVector;
 
        typedef Vector<double> DVector;
 
        typedef Vector<long> LVector;
 
        typedef Vector<unsigned long> ULVector;
 
        typedef SparseVector<float> SparseFVector;
 
        typedef SparseVector<double> SparseDVector;
 
        typedef SparseVector<long> SparseLVector;
 
        typedef SparseVector<unsigned long> SparseULVector;
    } // namespace Math
} // namespace CDPL
 
#endif // CDPL_MATH_VECTOR_HPP